Listening plays central role in life of human beings. It is backbone of learning. With impact of globalization, English has become lingua franca of many tertiary education institutions. Despite studying English in schools for so many years’ students face difficulty in comprehending academic lectures in English as most teachers still focus on developing reading and writing skills. Metacognitive listening strategies can greatly help students in managing their listening in second language. This paper sheds light on various advantages of equipping students with metacognitive listening strategies.

The present study is part of the research we have developed since 2013 and refers to the body culture of banana loaders at a fair in Manaus, Am.Br. As part of the research, we analyze the influence that the body movement of these workers exerts on the body in relation to its work and the socio-cultural aspects that contributed to the construction of the body in the social and economic system. The rationale is to think about the body and the movements that the banana loaders perform daily at their workplace. We organize the arguments from the main authors of this work, subjects chosen here, to know how they appropriate their bodies during the performance of their movements. The methodological procedures were the direct observation of the activities of these workers the photographic records and in the field notebook. The results of the analysis show that the body of these subjects is used as a tool of their work to pick up, play, organize and carry bananas, often going beyond physical limits. This process announces that even being a routine work, it becomes creative and interesting, since repetitive movements demonstrate that the body has dexterity, speed and good performance in the sequences of actions. However, it can not be forgotten that in addition to daily fatigue, repetitive body movements can cause physical and psychological problems, impairing their physical.

Self esteem is the feelings of self-worth, self-confidence and self-respect. It has been considered as an essential component of good mental health. It refers as a set of attitudes and beliefs that a person brings with himself or herself when facing the world. The main objective was to study the influence of socioeconomic characteristics and selected dimensions of self esteem among school children. A questionnaire was developed by the investigator for the purpose of studying, demographic characteristics and selected dimensions of self esteem among school children with respect to viz: personal, social, emotional, academic, intellectual and moral dimensions. The sample comprised of 300 school children out of which 150 were boys and 150 were girls, between the age range of 10-13 years who were studying in middle school. The statistical analysis was carried out by applying percentages, mean, standard deviation, chi square and ‘t’ test. The results revealed that, majority of the respondents showed moderate level of self esteem. There is a significant difference between boys and girls with regard to personal and social dimensions whereas the non significant difference showed with regard to emotional, academic, intellectual and moral dimensions. The findings also revealed that, there is an association between age, gender and type of family on different levels of self esteem among children whereas, non significant association showed with respect to number of siblings on different levels of self esteem.

Water has a natural level underground known as the water table. drops, in heavy rain it raises and is drained away by rivers into the sea. So, there is a natural reservoir of water under our feet. Thus water is an inevitable part of environment question naturally arises whether environmental rights could preserve ground water. Groundwater, the only source of water which is stable than any other source is increasingly coming under threat because of greater demand, pollution and mismanagement. Excessive withdrawals of groundwater, pollution and mismanagement can deprive future generation of these natural resources. It might lead to drying up of wells and land subsidence. It is often believed that groundwater is relatively free from pollutants and may be used for drinking, domestic and industrial purposes. But once an aquifer gets contaminated, remedial measures may be extensive and even impossible, because ground water is invisible and danger to it is often disregarded. Thus, pollution of groundwater is a serious environmental problem which calls for immediate attention of planners.

This study was aimed at identifying challenges and opportunities to the move towards inclusive education. It also investigated the attitude of teachers towards people with disabilities. In addition, it assessed the existing opportunities that can enable to realize inclusive education. The study was conducted on a sample of 104 teachers, 6 principals, special needs education professional, and supervisors and 6 children with different disabilities from Nigiste furra, adare, tabor and ediget bandinet schools. The findings reveal that majority of teacher participants have positive attitude towards people with disabilities, however still considerable number of teachers have problems related to attitude towards people with disabilities. Isolation and discrimination by others, high costs of instructional materials for students with disabilities, unaware of the existing laws and conventions and poverty among parents of children with disabilities are socio-economic factors that were impairing the inclusion process. Moreover, the finding revealed that lack of instructional materials, existence of long and rough terrains to schools, limited monitoring and supervision, rigid nature of the curriculum and inflexible teaching style, lack of commitment among teachers, presence of negative attitude and practices, incompatible curriculum to the students’ ability, overload among teachers and inaccessible school environment remained leading school related factors.

Background: - Coping is defined as the process of managing external and/ or internal demands that tax or exceed the resources of the person. It is a complex and multidimensional process that is sensitive to both the environment and the personality of the individual. Objectives of the Study:1) to characterize the Cognitive behavioural approach coping strategies among university level jumpers, throwers and runners.2) to conduct comparison of Cognitive behavioural approach coping strategies among jumpers, throwers and runners. Materials and Methods: total 90male jumpers, runners and throwers were selected as subjects from different Hostel and University. To assess Cognitive behavioural approach coping strategies of the subjects coping strategies scale was developed by Prof. A.K. Srivastava Department of Psychology Banaras Hindu University.

Iron deficiency is one of the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency found in developing countries. Nutritional anemia can result in life long disadvantages including low productivity, decreased immune system mental ability etc. A sample of 250 pregnant women of age group between 15 to 35years were selected randomly from rural and urbanareas of Beed district. The experimental group ‘A’ received dietary supplementation (ground nut & jaggary Ladu) for ninety days. Whereas group Cnot received any supplementation and treated as control group. These samples were examined anthropometrically, biochemical & Clinical before & after supplementation.

The users primary requirement with respect to the building system is to make sure that it is actually safe, that is, that it actually meets the structural safety requirements.Structural performance assessment is one of the ways to determine if the system is actually secure;Ideally, any and all construction systems should be submitted to performance evaluations, taking into account users requirements safety, habitability and sustainability;Only in this way, one would have the guarantee that possible problems presented during the evaluation, would not be passed on to the users, being corrected in its initial stage.In this study, the performance evaluation happened in an inverse way, where the construction system was evaluated through field tests after the housing units were completed.

The purpose of the study was to see the relationship of selected motor fitness components,anthropometric measurements and physiological variables with long jump performance of jumpers. Twenty male athletes aged between 14-18 years were selected from sports authority of India (SAI) Lucknow. The Motor Fitness Components included Speed (50 yard run), Muscular strength (Pull-ups), Muscular endurance (Bent knee sit-ups), Muscular power (Standing broad jump), Circulatory respiratory endurance (600-yards run/walk test), Flexibility (Sit and Reach) and Agility (Shuttle run). Anthropometric Measurements included are Standing height, Weight, Leg length, Upper leg length, Lower leg length, Arm length, Upper arm length, Lower arm length, Hip width, Shoulder width, Chest width, Calf girth, Thigh girth, Chest girth, Upper arm girth and Lower arm girth. Physiological Variables are Resting pulse rate, Positive breath holding time, Negative breadth holding time, Body composition, Systolic blood pressure, Diastolic blood pressure, Respiratory rate and Maximum expiratory pressure.

his study aims to investigate the effect Tof eight-week strength exercises by Huber and Kyphosis device on the balance among middle-aged men. Thirty middle-aged men suffering kyphosis from Tehran with a mean ± standard deviation of age about 50.5 ± 2.1 years, height about 173.4 ± 4.5 cm and weight about 78.4 ± 8.6 kg were targetedly selected and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (n=15 for each group). Eight-week sensorimotor rehabilitation exercise protocol was performed by the Huber rehabilitation device (three one-hour sessions per week). Static balance was evaluated based on BESS test, the dynamic balance was assessed using SEBT test, and the kyphosis angle was measured byflexible ruler (Cobb method). The research data analysis was performed by dependent and independent t-test was used. Results showed that a significant and meaningful difference is observed in the experimental group regarding the static and dynami c balance, as wel l as the kyphosisangle before and after the exercises. It can be concluded that eight-week stretching exercises by Huber device improves the static and dynamic balance and reduces the kyphosisangle among middle-aged men and so, such exercises can be used to improve the balance and the kyphosisangle in aged people, alongside other complementary methods.

The success of any organization greatly depends on its resources – money, material, machine and men. Man is considered to be the most significant resource as it handles all the other resources and also aids in becoming competitive, dynamic, innovative and productive. Yes, it is human resource which makes all the difference. Performance based pay (PBP) correlate employee pay directly with the employee output. It links the compensation of the employees to their performance and their contribution to the organizational goals. This paper explores how performance based pay increases productivity, the nature and the types of PBP, how PBP can be made more effective and their pros and cons.

The present article sought to identify some agency conflicts in logistics relationships with some stakeholders that make up their chain, coming from informational asymmetries, having as reference the existing literature. For this, methodologically, bibliographic research and conceptual analyzes based on Agency Theory, informational asymmetry and agency costs were adopted, correlating them to some links that make up the logistics chain, whether internal or external links to the organization, besides mitigation actions. The study is also descriptive, because it presents possible agency conflicts, arising from possible informational asymmetries and its eventual unfolding in agency costs. The information and data referenced were extracted from theories in books, interviews and articles published in periodicals and scientific events, although we have found little detailed and specific study of agency costs related to informational asymmetries in logistics.

Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900-2002), filósofo alemão e figura proeminente para o desenvolv imento da herme nêuti canoséculoXX , foi profundamente influenc iado pelos ensinamentos filosóficos de Martin Heidegger. O presente texto apresenta uma breve análise de três conceitos importantes do pensamento de Gadamer, a saber: o jogo, o símbolo e a festa. Objetiva-se nesse paper tratar das críticas ao pensamento gadameriano, a reflexão serve apenas para lembrarmos que a filosofia de Gadamer também encontra resistência entre alguns de seus pares, não poderia ser diferente diante de um pensamento tão complexo e instigante que toma a tradição não como um peso morto apavorante sobre as novas gerações, mas sim como um diálogo profundo entre opassado e o presente,a partir de um exercício hermenêutico, que não deixa de ser inspirado no autor, para a leitura e compreensão dos text oqueservirã oa in dapara jogar/compreender com exemplos extraídos de nossas pesquisas na Amazônia.

The practice of The Street Running in Manaus,nowadays, is increasing by the ease of your practice and by the regular search of healthy habits. Despiteall, racepractice benefits in the city, it hasbeenwatched high rate occurrenceof injuries of the loco motor system MMII among The practitioners as manyathletes as amateurs.This study aimed to analyze the training featureand the prevalenceof injuries in Street runners in Manaus. They participated in the study 75people of bothsexes. At the age groupbetween 30 and 60 years-old. It concludes most of the runnershave regular training weekly wearing appropriates neakers to do the activity and there are a high number of people that already have injuries.

In the present study Teachers Teaching Competency Scale (TTCS) has been constructed and standardized for high school teachers which consist of 66 statements. A sample of 100 high school teachers randomly selected from Chennnai, Kancheepuram and Thiruvallur Districts. The t-value was used to standardize the tool and finally 55 statements were retained for the final study.

Todays youth, unlike generations before them are presented with arduous challenges in life, such as, the family fabric loosening; the parent-child relationships increasingly and seemingly impinged upon due to work demands of the parents; lesser and lesser time spent with family; and subcultures which will bring disharmony to the relationship between them. At the same time, parents of adolescents usually are working on their own midlife marital and career i sues while they are trying to understand and meet the adolescent needs for the better adjustment of the adolescent. Therefore, the investigators had chosen this research to reflect upon how the gender and type of the family influence the parent-child relationship and adjustment of them. It is a survey research. 214 high school students studying 9th standard in Thiruvallur district had been chosen through stratified sampling technique. Data was analysed by t-test. Result revealed that the female high school students are having better parent-child relationship than males. Joint family students are having better parentchild relationship and adjustment than the students belonging to nuclear family. Parentchild relationship and adjustment are correlating with high significant.

The present study is aimed to find outthe personality traits and adjustment level of M.Ed. students. Normative survey method has been taken for this study. Sample consisted of 100 M.Ed. students from Panjab University. Personality Questionnaire by Eysenck, H.J., and Eysenck, S.B.G. (1975) and Adjustment Inventory by A.K.P. Sinha and R.P. Singh (1995) were used to collect the data. Results revealed that out of 100 students; 33 students were having extraversion, 30 students were having pyschoticism, 29 students were having neuroticism, and 8 were giving wrong information about them. Finding also revealed that extraversion students were more adjusted as compared to other personality traits.

The study of a propagation of micro-polar fluid used as blood contained two parallel plates When both plates are fixed and only pressure is acting then velocity profiles are negative for small Reynold’s number. The velocity profile reduce with the increase of time, which shows that the micro-rotation become dominant as the time lapses and tries to retard the motion of the fluid. From the table it is clear that the micro-rotation change their way and get reversed as the time increases. It is observed that the micro-rotation decay in the vicinity of the wall but become active in the central region with lapse of time and micro-rotation effects are larger for large Reynolds number.

The principle purpose of this study is to analyzed the problem of practicing Organic farming. It is significant to note the problems of cultivation of organic crops en counted. They are high cost of obtaining certificate, the benefit of organic practices is not seen immediately, inadequate subsidies to buy organic inputs, absence of appropriate organic agricultural policy, low level consumer support, improper accounting methods, inability to meet the export demand, knowledge on the application of organic manure is lacking, number of cattle household decreased gradually day by day causing scarcity of farm yard manure, biological pest control is very knowledge intensive, organic input may be difficult to generate on the farm, shortage of bio mass, unorganized market for organically grown products, lack of financial security in protecting organic farming, cost of organic fertilizer is higher than the chemical fertilizer, inadequate agriculture infrastructural facilities ,lack of quality standard for bio manure, collection, processing and handling farm wastes are more complicated. People in many different capacities, from farmers to consumers, have shared this vision and contributed to it.

At the end of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century, there was a rapid growth of schools in Indigenous Lands, especially with the cooperation of teachers belonging to the communities to which they are reserved, opening differentiated curricular proposals and specific bilingual teaching materials, Adaptation of an institution with a high western degree in its lineage, but which gradually takes on the color of the indigenous people who interpret it. The entry of indigenous people into public higher education in Brazil has now been most impac ted through two bundles of experiences: specific and differentiated courses, as well as special or supplementary courses in regular courses. The demands for training in higher education by indigenous peoples and their organizations can be identified for at least three decades in Brazil. Indigenous access to higher education has often been viewed as a matter of transferring capacities for empowerment, of these segments of the population vis-à-vis the dominant sectors, basic education and ethnoeducational territories need to be seen as spaces that enable such social and the empowerment of these peoples.

We get various information about ancient Indian polity mainly from the religious literature of the Hindus, Buddhists and Jains. We also hardly possess European independent works on polity during the ancient times. However, the religious works provided us useful information about the political theories. Some of the important religious works which provide us useful information about ancient Indian polity. The Rig-Veda and Atharvaveda also provide us useful information about the polity during that time. Even Yajurveda and Brahmans are useful source of information and enable us to acquire knowledge about the coronation ceremonies and the various sacrifices performed at the time of coronation. Another work which provides us useful information about ancient polity is Arthasastra of Kautihya, which contains references about several writers on politics which preceded Kautilya. After Kautilya also a number of other writers wrote on polity. These include Kamandaka, the author of Nitisara, who probably wrote during the gupta period. Sukranitisara produced by Sukracharya was another notable work on ancient India polity. Manusmriti was finally composed by sumati, the son of Bhrgu, which gives essential reference about ancient Indian polity.

Este artigo remete à interpretação do Brasil. Trata-se da obra Os parceiros do Rio Bonito: estudo sobre o caipira paulista e a transformação dos seus meios de vida, tese de doutorado em Sociologia, defendida por Antônio Cândido em 1954 e que viria a ser publicado dez anos mais tarde. Trata-se de uma interpretação ampla da formação social brasileira, que sublinha aimportância dos homens pobres do campo desde a colonização. Recentemente houve o livro que se pode chamar de redescoberta deste livro, que durante muito tempo, chegou a ser considerado menos importante ou, ao menos, deslocado no conjunto de obras do consagrado crítico literário. O livro “Os parceiros do Rio Bonito: estudo sobre o caipira paulista e a transformação dos seus meios de vida”, resulta de uma pesquisa entre 1947 e 1954, sobretudo no município de Bofete, antigo Rio Bonito, no interior de São Paulo. Os parceiros do rio Bonito pode ser lido como uma interpretação abrangente sobre os processos de formação e da modernidade da sociedade brasileira, analisadas a partir do mundo social do caipira.Visa descrever um processo e uma realidade humana, característicos do fenômeno geral de urbanização no estado de São Paulo.

Father Christmas cannot always be popular and he was burned in 1951. Lévi-Strauss discusses first this: the commercial aspect as well as the customs that have been able to lead to the Father Christmas, but to better demonstrate that there cannot be: that the ancestor of the Father Christmas fact gave him a figure and that the commercial aspect was a fact that helpedhim to develop as quickly after the II World War, as soon as the economy hada little improved.

AComunidade do Barranco localizada no bairro da Praça 14 de Janeiro, zona Sul de Manaus, trata-se de comunidade remanescente de quilombos, isso quer dizer que são descendentes de exescravos, oriundos em sua maioria do estado do Maranhão. ortanto, este estudo através de pesquisa documental, bibliográfica e de campo, pretende descrever como ocorreu o reconhecimento oficial de terras desses povos e sua contribuição para a cidade de Manaus.

Innovation is an important competitive advantages for economic growth. The important way to improve the innovation process is investment in research and achievement of the innovation. However, the most research institutions are not primarily aim commercially exploit their inventions, it is necessary to encourage technology transfer process. This research, based on the change of the Brazilian regulatory framework relating to innovation in 2004, to analyses the adjustment that happen on technology transfer process between research institutions and companies in Brazil, considering the emergence of open innovation concept. Therefore, the quantitative research was used in the analysis of the research groups of the directory in Brazil, the CNPq website. From these analyzes could be observed the relations between research groups and business enterprises after the braziliam innovation’s law changes.

The rapid exponential growth of population , industrial and technological advancement brought enormous problems and degradation of environment. In modern civilization, a large number of new cities and towns have arisen and the existing towns have grown, as a result of which house hold wastewater treatment plants have become necessary. An efficient waste water disposal is important to the health of any community. Effective collection and treatment of wastewater is such a critical problem especially in developing countries like India. Wastewater may be defined as any water that has been adversely affected in quality by human influence including liquid waste discharged by houses, schools, hospitals (Nursing homes) industries etc. Nitrogen in waste water is present either as ammoniacal nitrogen and originally bound nitrogen derived from proteinaceous matters. The ammoniacal nitrogen constitutes about 50-70% of the total nitrogen. The domestic wastewater contains large amount of urine, which consists of about 2.5% urea, 1% NaCl and other complex organic substances. The waste water also includes many inorganic substances such as nitrates and phosphates of detergents and + 2+ – Na+, K , Ca , Cl , HCO – ions etc.

Studies show that society has metamorphosed itself, and in this context also, the work and its relations have been transformed, adapting itself to the reality in which it is inserted, contradictorily. In this sense, we chose the categories formal and informal work and, from them, we sought to glimpse the conditions in which the worker is inserted in that context.In order to contemplate this proposal, theoretical support was sought in different authors asMarx (2004), Pochmann (2000), Prado Júnior (1998), Scherer (2005), Singer (2003), and others, to contextualize the problematic of work in the capitalist world, especially those scholars who have highlighted interest in the condition of precarious work.

The approach of socioscientific issuespresents as a viable alternative for the improvement of the process of teaching and learning in Sciences,and contributes to the formation of the citizen. Based on the qualitative research approach, we asked whether teachers of Biology, Physics and Chemistry at three public schools in Manaus-AM has worked this approach in the classroom. Thus, a questionnaire was applied and the responses were evaluated according to the Bardin content analysis. Of the 55 participating teachers, 22 stated that they knew and used the socioscientific issues approach. The presentation of environmental themes was one of the ways that teachers use this approach. The adoption of seminars and debates were the most cited strategies for addressing socioscientific issues.

Qualitative education plays an important role in technological advancement. When we talk about qualitative education, we think to competent teachers, who impart education. Therefore, to prepare competent teachers, teaching technology has developed pre-service and inservice teacher education programmes. Now, there is a demand for competent teachers at all levels of education and the teacher education programmes, claiming production of competent teachers must be judged by the degree to which it develops competencies, skills and activities needed for successful functioning of teachers. The teacher education programme can be classified into two parts-one is theoretical and other is practice. The theory is given more weightage in evaluation than practical aspect. This shows that practice teaching is often neglected in teacher education programme. It has been observed that teachers are over loaded with theoretical portions but do not have the necessary competencies to translate these into action. The gap between theory and practice is proverbial. Hence in order to make teacher education programme effective and to bring qualitative improvement, some other technique or approach should be adopted so that the opportunity for the development of various skills among teachers may be increased. Micro-teaching which is one of the recent innovations in teacher education may be an answer of our problem.

The period may be termed as the rebirth of Calcutta University’s rebirth when Sir Asutosh assumed the office as ViceChancellor. He realized at the very beginning that University Education should be utilized for the upliftment of the Nation. The partition of Bengal raised a storm not only in Bengal but throughout the length and breadth of India. Sir Asutosh was the child of the times. He worked hard to bring an awaited change in Indian Renaissance, an intellectual regeneration through a nationwide progress of Education. Through the development of the University he made the mission of his life to remove the stigma of India’s cultural inferiority attached to her by her imperial masters, to explode the fiction of her intellectual defeat and raise her once more to the lofty pedestal of glory. He loved his motherland and inspite of holding a respectable position in the Government service; he never bothered to criticize the Government whenever and wherever he found any wrong policy formulated by them. He never supported the Nationalistic platform but always served his country through his true actions.

This article intends to show, in the light of organizational studies, how the professional regulation of Logistic Operators (OLs) has developed in Brazil. The unit of analysis used is the organizational one, because it verifies how the process of structuring and institutionalization of the sector contributes to the professional regulation of the OLs, because as a computational process, the structuration theory comb in es the motivation , intentionality and rationality with factors associated with social systems institutional. Thus, the creation of ABOL - Brazilian Association of Logistics Operators constitutes an important step towards the recognition and formal regulation of the economic activity of the OLs in the National Classification of Economic Activities - CNAE, with ways to receive the respective codifications in the Brazilian Nomenclature of Services (NBS).